Hunger Games Sociology Essay - 1098 Words

Suzanne Collins’ novel The Hunger Games and its big screen adaptation follow the journey of a teenage girl in the dystopian country of Panem. Katniss Everdeen must fight to survive in a game of death against other youth from the twelve districts in Panem. However, The Hunger Games is not just a young adult genre obsession, but also a complex study of the social sciences. The symbolism and plot of The Hunger Games are prime examples of Sociology because they display different societal rules and norms, the struggle for power, and the importance of the media. Although The Hunger Games is set in the future, societal norms, rules and views still exist just as they do in today’s society. Macrosociology studies the wide perspective of such†¦show more content†¦Social constructs and the struggle for power are huge sociological aspects of The Hunger Games. The differences between the Capitol and the districts are easily noticed in the film and book; the bright and colo urful fashion, showing off wealth, and their carefree lifestyles are apparent. The Capitol and the ‘peacekeepers’ dehumanize the districts’ people at the reaping and throughout the novel. The Capitol uses these differences and the games to keep their control over the twelve districts and their citizens. In the novel, it is said that, â€Å"All year, the Capital will show the winning district gifts of grain and oil and even delicacies like sugar while the rest of us battle starvation.† Mass murder has become a foundation of their society. Karl Marx’s Conflict Theory suggests that society structures itself around imbalance , explaining the integration of the Hunger Games in Panem. Additionally, it describes the competition of groups for power. There are not only differences between the Capitol and the districts competing for power, but within the districts themselves. For example, District 10, 11, and 12 are much poorer than District 1, 2 or 3. This separation enables the conflict of rich vs poor. In the Capitol’s neighbouring districts, such as 1 and 2, they have a higher quality of life, and train their youth so that they can volunteer at the Reaping and have a greater chance of winning the games.Show MoreRelatedThe Sociology of the Hunger Games Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Capitol and 13 districts. Each year, two young representatives from each district are selected by lottery to participate in The Hunger Games; these children are referred to as tributes (Collins, 2008). The Games are meant to be viewed as entertainment, but every citizen knows their purpose, as brutal intimidation of the subjugated districts. The televised games are broadcasted throughout Panem as the 24 participants are forced to eradicate their competitors, literally, with all citizens requiredRead MoreGender Roles : The Hunger Games Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesMiguel Estrada English 103 Professor Stewart Essay 2 October 6, 2016 Gender Roles flipped? Suzanne Collins, the author of The Hunger Games, decided to do something different with her main protagonists, Katniss and Peeta. In the book, they seem to have flipped gender roles that society does not see males and females in such a way. For example, women have often been seen as housewives by society, which has set certain occupations and responsibilities they must abide to. Furthermore, womenRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Max Weber1437 Words   |  6 Pages Social stratification is a concept used within sociology that explains the divisions and social inequalities of large groups of people within a particular society. The Hunger Games (2012) is a film that demonstrates this through amplifying how the power of the rich members in a polarised society are taking control of the poor and separating them in different districts which create specific social rankings. This essay will use the perspective of conflict theory to examine how Australian society isRead MoreFunctionalist Perspective On Society As A Macro Institution1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe functionalist perspective In this essay I will outline and evaluate the functionalist perspective. This will include exploring the origins of the perspective, while explaining and evaluating how functionalists see society as a macro institution, rather than its many constituent parts. Further to this I will explore how functionalists deem the way society should be maintained and organised to maintain a functionalist’s ideal society. The consensus perspective is predominantly concerned with theRead MoreFeminism and the Marxist Theory in the Hunger Games1847 Words   |  8 Pagesrevolts, as a response to these rebellions the government of the Capitol has enacted a cruel intimidation tactic called The Hunger Games. It is a violent event televised nationally throughout all of the districts where a male and female from each district is picked as a Tribute. These Tributes must fight each other to the death and only one survivor will remain. The Hunger Games is the governments approach of displaying the amount of power they posses over the demoralized people of the twelve districtsRead MoreEssay on Comparison of George Herbert Mead and Sigmund Freud3378 Words   |  14 Pagesanimals. Freud’s term for human motivating forces was Trieb, which translates as to impulse or driving force (Bettelheim, 1992). Instincts were grouped into two general categories: the life instincts and the death instinct. Life instincts include hunger, thirst, and sex. The death instinct is a destructive force that can be directed inward as suicide, or outward as in hatred and aggression (Bettelheim, 1992). Sigmund Freud looked at levels of personality. Freud suggested mental life consisted ofRead MoreObesity and Its Impact on Todays Australian Culture and Society2983 Words   |  12 PagesMoslers view. They say that the low levels of obesity rate by survey in Asian countries not necessarily mean that people living there are healthier because Western countries have a longer life expectancy. Keeping both views in consideration, this essay will focus on answering the question whether obesity in Australia is caused by the lifestyle embedded in the Australian culture and adopted by Australian society or not. Todays Australian Culture and Society Culture of any country is the coreRead MoreTo What Extent Does Education Liberate People Within The Social Classes2662 Words   |  11 PagesThis essay will discuss to what extent does education liberate people within the social classes. It will also discuss how Paulo Freire’s theory on how education can liberate people, furthermore considering how the Amish community may fail to be liberated through education. The definition of education is ‘the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life’. AlsoRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesculture and is based primarily on marketing, mass production and revenue. Low culture is what is sold to the masses, ergo, low culture equals mass culture. All these terms refer to popular culture, defined in the Oxford Dictionary of Sociology as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accessible to everyone. Popular culture is far more widespread than high culture and in the United Statesand in Europe, for example, it is dominated by television, films and recorded popular music. [2] I have chosenRead MoreFood Politics7528 Words   |  31 PagesAgriculture Organization calculated that there is enough food to feed the world 1.5x over (Holt-Gimenez and Patel 2009). While there is adequate food to end world hunger, the problem continues due to greed and unequal power distribution. International policies by the World Health Organization (WHO) have attempted to put an end to world hunger, but because the outcomes of these policies do not benefit the bottom lines of the state and of corporations, they are not supported (Paarlberg 2011). In our own

The Power of One Free Essays

The Power of One, Booth, an Afrikaner, symbolizes the racial hatred and ignorance in Africa. Booth, unknown and foreign to other cultures and races, abuses P. K. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of One or any similar topic only for you Order Now For being the only English boy in a school of Afrikaners. The only way he knows how to cope with others different to himself is to abuse and to humiliate. He blames his own faults on those who have less authority. Booth is a symbol for all those in Africa who don’t care for anyone but their own race. Booth does not accept P. K. So he sakes P. K. Regret even coming to the school. He bullies P. K. For being English. He would call P. K. â€Å"Bishop† and spit in his face, showing disrespect. Booth’s hatred makes P. K. So terrified that he would wet his bed every night in fear, while Booth is the fearful one. His ignorance breeds fear. For P. K. ‘s whole school year, he had one friend, Mother Courage. Booth knows that the only way to hurt P. K. Is to kill his only friend, as well as his confidence. He hangs Mother Courage and kills her by slinging a rock at her. Then he hangs P. K. , but Just as he is about to sling a rock at P. K. , Booth gets caught and gets expelled. Booth’s fear of P. K. Gets him in trouble. His fear breeds hate. As the movies progresses, Booth’s grudge over P. K. Heightens. Before, Booth would try to crush P. K. ‘s entire source of happiness, but once he notices It was not good enough, he goes for P. K. Instead. He blames P. K. For getting him expelled and â€Å"ruining† his life. He comes back for P. K. , attempts to kill him, and kills the African tribes. His hatred at P. K. Ads him to hate on all the South Africans helping him. He destroys the town and kills most of the Africans Just to find P. K. HIS hate breeds violence. Booth Is the obstacle that blocks P. K. And all the Black South Africans to happiness Just like racism and Ignorance was the obstacle for all of Africa. Ignorance breeds fear. Fear breeds hate. Hate breeds violence. Sadly, this describes Booth’s attitude toward P. K. And the South Africans. No matter how hard Booth tried to bring P. K. ‘s spirit down, P. K. Always won. It shows that P. K. N stand up to the abuse of Booth, as well as the black Africans can fight against the racism and Ignorance African persisted upon. By Mohammedan Booth would try to crush P. K. ‘s entire source of happiness, but once he notices it was destroys the town and kills most of the Africans Just to find P. K. His hate breeds violence. Booth is the obstacle that blocks P. K. And all the Black South Africans to happiness Just like racism and ignorance was the obstacle for all of Africa. Ignorance Booth, as well as the black Africans can fight against the racism and ignorance How to cite The Power of One, Papers

Challenges of Biogas in Accra for Regional -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theChallenges of Biogas in Accra for Regional Research. Answer: Accra is the capital city of Ghana, and it is one of the most populated and advanced city if compared to other regions of the country. It is a metropolitan area with a population of more than 2 million requiring a large amount of fuel and energy to be continuously supplied (Doan and Oduro 2012). Africa in general is one of the economically weak continents of the world and Ghana is situated in the western part of Africa. The per capita income in Ghana is only about 4150 dollars compared to 58030 dollars of United states (Devarajan 2013). The challenges that are there to establish Biogas as an alternative energy resource are mainly dependent on the economic condition of the country and the city. It requires large amount of capital to establish plants and infrastructure that can provide a large section of the population with enough amount of energy that it can be termed as alternative energy. Apart from that the biogas plant infrastructure needs technical knowledge to be set up. The plants need to be supplied by manpower and enough raw materials that is needed to produce the needed amount of biogas. Biogas is still not completely a pure form of alternative energy and still it has impurities which can corrode the machines or automobiles which are used in Accra in the present time. These are the few challenges that the metropolitan area od Accra may face in establishing biogas as the major alternative energy. Reference: Devarajan, S., 2013. Africa's statistical tragedy.Review of Income and Wealth,59(S1). Doan, P. and Oduro, C.Y., 2012. Patterns of population growth in peri?urban Accra, Ghana. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 36(6), pp.1306-1325.

Making love Essay Example

Making love Essay Is it possible to justify mass culture a growing phenomenon of human needs? Is the world of appearances rather than substitutes and release of alienation, becomes a new source of alienation?  Everyday life can therefore be considered as a kind of gigantic and constantly growing archive of gestures induced to buy, all kinds of  Mass culture grows out of human needs. Many people treat it as a facilitator from reality, a way of spending free time. Certain standards and trends are for this type of people mainstay of everyday life, give them a sense of security and self-realization. Popular culture can be a bond connecting people with similar interests, beliefs or way of life. On the other hand, mass culture makes many people own views replaces ready diagrams drawn from newspapers, radio and the Internet. It is no wonder that it is a source of alienation for those who do not want to give up its dictates.  People find themselves in the products of mass culture, such as creativity goes to a mass audience. The recipient feel connected with other people they can share experiences, curiosities or just talk to them. The products of mass culture are widely available. Media promote them, because they know that it is an easy way to make money. Besides, mass culture is assumed to be primarily geared for sale and profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Making love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Making love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Making love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If pop culture is not the result of human needs, how to explain interest in her? The greatest desire of man is not to be alone, and mass culture can provide it to him.  However, every stick has two ends and mass culture can also be a cause of alienation. If someone listens to pop music, go to the cinema on a purely commercial films and raves alternative art can meet with rejection. Such a person may be considered to be worse, because it is not wise enough to form an alternative taste.  Popular culture can be a cause of alienation. But you cannot treat it as something worse, because it grows out of human needs. It is the simplest form of entertainment, which everyone at some time desire. Making love with food:  So far the purchases were associated with screw capitalism consumption. However, it turns out that shopping is also a way of showing love.  Anthropologist Daniel Miller has found love in the supermarket. His discovery refers to a special kind of shopping food supply. So those everyday household primarily habits. For a year they shopped and talked with residents of one street in London. One of his conclusions was that choosing the right products are showing your household love and care. Women said, for example: My husband eats badly, he likes bacon, and I buy him something healthier. Therefore, I love him and I do not want him to put on weight’’. Shopping, do not make fun. You have to do it every day. No matter what strategy to take once again you will need to go get milk and bread to the store. Because it is such a mundane commercials often appear magical worlds and that potatoes pop out of uniforms and a dog, a cat and a hamster comment purchases their state. And if our world does not look like you guys are annoying and the women gathered up? Exactly so. He is, smart, has a tummy, and she knows whats going on and how to make the world a better place. Women do daily mini-consumer research. They ask if it tastes. Hit something on the promotion and considering whether to throw it into daily eating habits, whether grab or not. Women described by Miller are very clever, analyse the market, know the promotions and purchasing strategies. We have a simple life. However, when we buy for other stress is twofold. We worry, whether it will be healthy and testy .Men quite often defend the fact that they hate shopping .Yeah, but look at the mans car buyer. This is just amok, this process may take years. This is such a hunt, moreover, every now and then we hear about his Mercedes , hunt promotion.  Miller also introduces a very interesting concept of rarity a pleasures of something extra. Rarity is a reward for the effort of shopping. This could be a candy bar, ice cream, favourite tea. Women at Miller say they cannot send her husband to the store, because he brings the same antiquity, its purchases are not rational. In England, women did not let their husbands to do shopping because they spend too much. 60 % may make purchases only in the company of women, and two thirds of women totally took over the home shopping.  This would fit with the Miller research. He also pointed to a particular type of joint purchases which are shopping courting. The first joint shopping is a huge field of negotiations. This is my favourite milk, and this is my coffee, I eat only bitter chocolate. By learning to recognize the other person not only her past, her sensitive places on the body, but you also get to know her consumer habits. If you want to live in harmony. Otherwise delightful breakfast will turn into a nightmare, because instead of butter you will spread the sandwich with the margarine. We are people who build their identity by product brands, because it is the way that Western civilization is constructed. Chandlers not only keeps the body alive, but also serves to build social relationships. Particularly interesting is the relationship between mother and child. Miller says that the child takes the place of a partner, who was the subject of devotion and care. Never until now in civilization, was the child not so important. Mothers are puzzled how to select the menu, what clothes to buy, what toys to choose. Many mothers do their shopping especially for their children. One of the ideal models for human consumption is embedded in the concept of naturalness. In other words, the child knows what’s best for him, what and when to eat, when he/she want to sleep. Our role is not to disturb him/her. This means that we give up our dreams, habits or even work. According to Miller, at the beginning it was important deity. Then, under the influence of secularization the place of deity took man, whom in turn dethroned feminism. However, more interestingly, the scheme has not been interrupted. Dedication and attention to women transferred to a child who has become the new deity. Conclusion: The everyday life has infinitive variety: it is suggestive and vague, it can be distancing or jolly. Everyday life could happen by chance or it might be acquainted and routinized. Your life can be grey or merry and pleasant. Its up to you what life you want to lead. It does depends on you what sort of life you want to lead, because everyone is different surrounded by diverse people and environment thus have dissimilar experiences. However, we all breathe the same air and we all have a need for eat and sleep. We might have conflicting views and different visions on life because each of us is an individual unit. References: Rita Felski (1999) ‘’The invention of everyday life’’NO.39,pp15-31 available via SyD and the web. Henri Lefebvre (2005)[1971] Everyday life in the Modern World,Transl. Sacha Rabinovitch, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publisher, extract from Philip Wander (2005) ‘’Introduction’’,pp.vii-x and pp.xiv-xvi [full intro pp.vii-xxiii] and Lefebvre p.187-8 Michael Bull (1999) ‘’The dialectics of walking: Walkman use and the reconstruction of the site of experience’’ in Jeff Hearn and Sasha Roseneil 9eds) Consuming Cultures: Power and Resistance, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Macmillan, extract, pp.205-206 [full article pp.199-220]

Fahrenheit 451 Minitheme essays

Fahrenheit 451 Minitheme essays Some may find it, some may not find it. Are we looking for it, or is it looking for us. What really is happiness and when we find it will we be satisfied with it? In the book Fahrenheit 451 the live in a place which can be the so called perfect world to some, but to many they are not happy with who they are or where they are for example: Montag as a fireman comes home day after day, doing the same thing. Coming home and wondering about his sick wife. In a way when he meets Clarisse he finds happiness. She brings him out of his shell and into a new world, but is sent back to his dreaded perfect world after he finds out that she is dead. He then finds books, which could almost be like a key, unlocking a forbidden world, but only lead to bursting flames. Montag really doesnt find happiness until he actually has to leave the city and the so called perfect world is no more after being merely erased by bombs, giving him and others the chance to start over and do things the right way. Mildred was never really happy in the world. She continually had to take sleeping pills to make herself feel better, which only leads her not remember what went on the night before. Even with her home she wasnt happy with, she wanted a new wall, when they just got a new one very shortly before. She was a rather nervous person, you could tell when she seen the books, she didnt want to lose everything, but she made the choice to turn her husband in and lose it all. Her happiness came around the walled TVs and the visitors that came over to watch with her. Beatty seemed to love his life, his job, everything about it. When it came down to the end he wasnt happy at all. He didnt understand the meaning of the books, and when it was his turn to die, he was ready, and he new he would be happy then. Last of all happiness in a way came along with the books. Any one who had ...

The Roman Social War 91-88 B.C.

The Roman Social War 91-88 B.C. Definition: The Social War was a civil war between the Romans and their Italian allies. Like the American Civil War, it was very costly. When the Romans wouldnt grant the Italians equality, most of the allies attempted to secede, although Latium and northern Campania remained loyal to Rome. The rebels made their headquarters at Corfinium, which they renamed Italia. Poppaedius Silo headed the allied Marsic troops and Papius Mutilus headed the Samnites, altogether about 100,000 men. The Romans divided their roughly 150,000 men under the 2 consuls of 90 B.C. and their legates. The Romans in the north were headed by P. Rutilius Lupus, with Marius and Cn Pompeius Strabo (Pompey the Greats father under whom Cicero served) under him. L. Julius Caesar had Sulla and T. Didius under him, in the south. Rutilius was killed, but Marius was able to defeat the Marsi. Rome fared worse in the south, although Papius Mutilus was defeated by Caesar at Acerrae. The Romans made concessions after the first year of the war. The lex Julia gave Roman citizenship to some possibly all Italians who stopped fighting or just those who had remained loyal. Next year, in 89 B.C., the Roman consuls were Strabo and L. Porcius Cato. They both went north. Sulla headed the Campanian forces. Marius had no commission despite his successes in 90. Strabo defeated 60,000 Italians near Asculum. The capital, Italia, was abandoned. Sulla made progress in Samnium and captured the Italian HQ at Bovianum Vetus. The rebel leader Poppaedius Silo regained it, but it was defeated again in 88, as were other pockets of resistance. Supplemental laws gave the franchise to the remaining Italians and people of the Italian regions of Gaul by 87. There was still a grievance, though, since new citizens were not equitably distributed among the 35 tribes of Rome. Main Source:H.H. Scullard: From the Gracchi to Nero. Also Known As: Marsic War, Italian War Examples: Military preparation for the Social War took place over the winter of 91/90. It was called the Social War because it was a war between Rome and its socii allies.

The Impact of Roman Catholic Church on Capitalism Essay

The Impact of Roman Catholic Church on Capitalism - Essay Example The church helped the society to counter the vices by making moral values prevalent in their course of life. This indicates that the democratic society that has no accountability to god will finally degenerates. Thus Roman Catholic Church helped in the growth of capitalism and democracy by inculcating moral values in the Christian societies. The church and capitalism did not support the common property administered by state that is against the democracy. According to church and capitalism the socialism is against the natural justice and threatens the family life. Pius XI explained the above mentioned ideas in Quadragesimo Anno published in 1931. The personal responsibility, institutional changes are considered by Roman Catholic Church and capitalism against the socialism. Church helped in developing the institutions that constituted the society. This made the people to understand the reality in the capitalism according to catholic ideas. The Church supported the creative subjectivity of the human person in supporting the capitalism. This can be seen from two perspectives; philosophically and theologically. 1 The impact of Church on capitalism is due to its support to the free market economy that supports capitalism. In Centesimus Annus #32 John Paul wrote that the decisive factor has changed from land to man and knowledge. According to him this came from understanding the needs of others and ability to satisfy them. As a result the freedom will be a means of harmony between personal and societal interests. Capitalism enabled the greatest opportunity to engage creatively in economic sphere. This creativity in the capitalism is due to the church and it is the one of the ways the Church affected the capitalism. The diligence, industriousness, prudence, reliability and fidelity are the values that had shown impact on capitalism by Roman Catholic Church. The catholic ethic supports the capitalism as the human imperative that is creative and endeavor of the society to encourage the public virtue. The Roman Catholic Church as a supporter of free enterprise rejected the government's too much intervention. This is the 2nd aspect that has shown impact on capitalism from the side of Church. Catholicism contained the afore mentioned opposition for government intervention when it is extreme. Thus Catholicism rejected too much personalism in the economy. This thought has begun with Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum in 1891. The catholic society supported capitalism in the form of having right to private property with the presence of trade unions and wages. This resulted in distributist economic system. The Roman Catholic Church defended this economic system. This resulted in widespread owner ship of land. As small scale craft production obeys natural law and catholic tradition, there is some sort of opposition from the church for large scale craft production. As the economy has grown though effected by Catholicism, the large scale production

Mad Hot Ballroom by Marilyn Argrelo Movie Review

Mad Hot Ballroom by Marilyn Argrelo - Movie Review Example From the beginning of the film, establishes the basic idea that anyone can achieve anything if he/she has the zest and is ready to work towards it. It opens on Public School-115 of Washington Heights, Manhattan, when during her interview, the school Principal informs that 97% of the school's Hispanic population lives below the poverty line. However, she also asserts, that these students are not apologetic about their conditions. They are dreamers and they like to chase their passions, live their life. The ballroom dance teaching helps these students foster the very spirit. It helps them unfold their own personalities and make life more fulfilling. Yomaria Reynosa, the dance teacher of Washington Heights, PS 115 acclaims, "You don't know what's hidden inside each child until you open it up". She recalls her young days when the opportunities weren't as many. Today, students are getting a chance to unleash and enhance their talents. "With time, there are avenues opening up for them (kids) to go into something that has to do with arts". This holds true for each one of us. Future generations are always better equipped, more open and liberal than those who precede them. In our school days, kids never had technology au fait; they were never so informed about life. I remember, when in school we were first introduced to computers. There were about thirty students in a class, sharing five computers. Today, times have changed. Students have both, avenues and opportunities. As the movie progresses, it brings to light, the myriad facets of American life. The kids share their secrets, talk about various issues that concern them, discuss their perceptions about things. The dance competition event serves the perfect milieu for these young men and women to explore themselves, their dreams, their sensuality; their association with the opposite sex and to learn to coexist with harmony in a multi-cultural environment. I think it is quite relevant to any modern day society. Initially, in the movie, we see kids showing some reservation in getting together. They remain with their respective guys' and girls' groups and give out strange expressions when asked to pair up or hold hands. These kids are basically unwilling participants. With time and the consistent efforts of their dedicated teachers, the kids' inhibitions fade away, their attitudes towards their partner softens. They start accepting each other, enjoy dancing with harmony. In my teens, I had similar experiences. I would generally be a shy person and keep away from most guys.  Ã‚  

A Gllance At Information And Communication Technology Essay Example for Free

A Gllance At Information And Communication Technology Essay Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an important tool in all aspects of life. With the development of technology, the introduction of ICT as a tool has essentially brought tremendous revolution to the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of endeavor within business and governance during the past decades. Consequently, the importance of ICT project management cannot be overemphasized since it is the catalyst for successfully carrying out the ICT project. A critical research on the factors influencing the performance of ICT has been conducted as well as the introduction of different evaluation models or frameworks, which are used determine if an ICT project is successfully implemented. The last but not the least, a conclusion and a recommendation are given to prove that the potential values and benefits will be brought by elaborately analyzing those related factors before implementation and regularly evaluation on the ICT project. Table of content Introduction Recently, the role of Information and communication technology (ICT) has become more and more important in any forms of organizations and businesses. According to Daniels (2002) ICT has evolved to be one of the basic tool but pervasive among the public within such a short time. Besides, understanding the operational mechanism of ICT and mastering the fundamental skills and concepts of ICT are regarded as the basic knowledge that people now should equip with. However, it seems that many people have the wrong perceptions of what ICTs are; it’s commonly that ICTs generally be referred to ‘computers and computing related activities’ before the definition of ICT officially clarified by a United Nations report (1999). Also, according to UNESCO ICT could be understood in the way that which is the combination of ‘Informatics technology’ with other related technology, such as communication technology in particular. In other words, ICT is a more extended than information technology (IT), ICT not only emphasizes the technology itself, but also highlights the unified communications and the integration of telecommunications, computers; furthermore, by using these products such as the enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, users will be able to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. Now, we can find the radio broadcasts, audio conferencing, teleconferencing, email, interactive voice response system, audiocassettes and CD ROMs etc., are vari ous kinds of ICT products available, and those ICT products have been used for different purposes in our daily life, work environment, or common business practices. There are more and more people become aware of the benefits and efficiency brought by the ICT. With that in mind, people are starting paying more attentions on the ICT management issues, such as how to better manage ICT projects, what are those key factors determining the performance of ICT project, or how to adequately evaluate the performance of ICT project. Discussion Just as the other project management is, there are various success/failure factors related to the ICT project management. Here we discuss the roles of attitudes and the alignment between ICT and business, which are regarded as two of the most important key factors in ICT project management. A corresponding literature review is also preformed in order to better understand the background. The Roles of Attitudes Based on recent researches on the acceptance and use of ICT project, and related ICT design and development, ICT only brings values to the organization if it is accepted, applied and widely applied by those targeted users. From one of the research (Zhang, P. 2007), the author mentioned two different theories, which the inconformity between these two theories lays in the concepts behind and effects behavioral intention. The theories mentioned are Attitude toward ICT as an object (ATO) and Attitude toward using ICT as a behavior (ATB). By definition, ATO is â€Å"a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor† (Eagly et al. 1998) or, as a combination of evaluative judgments about an object (Crites et al. 1994), while ATB is defined as â€Å"an individual’s positive or negative feelings (evaluative affect) about performing the target behavior.† (Fishbein et al. 1975) And the conceptual confusions whether attitudes play important role in the context of ICT project acceptance and use has been clarified, and there is an interesting evidence showing that the roles of attitudes can change as the users’ use of the ICT increases. The Alignment between business and ICT The literature related to the information and communication technology (ICT) demonstrated that alignment between ICT and business will influence the business performance and effectiveness of the organization in a positive way. (Cumps, B., Viaene, S., Dedene, G., Vandenbulcke, J 2006) Furthermore, the alignment of business and ICT of an organization is one of the fundamental sustainable factors, which can also be an advantage for an organization. In that case, the organizations should consider establishing specific ICT management routines in order to obtain better alignment performance scores. Since the role of ICT cannot be underestimated, more and more people want to know whether the ICT really brings values, whether the ICT substantially improved the efficiency, or whether the ICT works as expected. Based on the research, there are several more comprehensive ICT management capability maturity framework developed, such as the ICT management capability maturity framework and ICT Per formance Reference Model. The differences between these two frameworks or models are the focus and the content. ICT management capability maturity framework The framework is a ‘spider diagram’, which includes seven indicators: ICT Applications, Business-ICT relationship, ICT strategy alignment, ICT user profile, ICT managerial paradigm, ICT governance and ICT organization. Before applying the ICT management capability maturity framework, the users should firstly define the critical processes of their ICT management for each indicator. For each indicator, there are specific process-orientated evaluation standards, and the users should make judgments for each standard to see whether it fits to the organization’s characters, needs, and specific industry. For each applied standard, there are different dimensionalities to assess the maturity of capability. The key function of this framework is to be used as an evaluating tool and a improvement roadmaps that can point out directions for the senior management on ICT and business management in strategies planning in order to sustainably improve, develop, and manage the ICT capability in support of optimized business value delivery. From this capability maturity framework, we can clearly see the ICT management capability maturity of an organization as well as its improvement footprint. At the same time, with the use of such framework, the organization can be evaluated on its overall ICT management capability, the comparison analysis between different organizations can be conducted, and even the industrial benchmark can als o be made to see the ranking of the organization in the certain industry. ICT Performance Reference Model ICT Performance Reference Model is a model using the reference model principles in the area of ICT management. For better understanding of the meaning of reference model, here the definition of the reference model that â€Å"Reference model contains relevant structures and relationships among the model elements (process structures, levels, document structures) and also the predefined knowledge (best practice examples) already included in these structures.† is used. ICT Performance Reference Model combines the strengths of mathematical and data modeling techniques for its structure and knowledge management principles for its content; namely, it represents the best practices and knowledge in the formalized model structure, and therefore allows easier knowledge replication. The framework of ICT Performance Reference Model includes ICT Management Process, ICT Performance management Methodologies, ICT Performance Measurement Processes, ICT Performance Measures and ICT Performance m anagement Tools and Applications. The performance of ICT project is then be evaluated through these dimensions. With the implication of ICT Performance Reference Model, it would be easier to address ICT management related issues including application functionality overlap, technology and knowledge heterogeneity, and constantly changing business pressures. Conclusion From the discussion part, we can see that there are different success/failure factors relate to the Information and Communication Technology project management. Each factor cannot be left out from consideration whenever applying an ICT project, namely, the importance of each factor cannot be overestimated, or there would possibly result in an unpleasant outcome. On the other hand, it is also necessary to have the ICT project to be reviewed, or assessed the related management capability maturity periodically. With the regular evaluation, the organization will have better understanding about the current state of the implementation of ICT project, the acceptance level of related personnel, the operation results compared to expected results, and the continuing alignment with organization’s strategies. Recommendations As we all know that the management of ICT in the enterprise has been increasing in importance and nowadays it is one of the critical success factors of any type of business. In order to ensure sustainable growing of an organization, the use of ICT cannot be avoidable. After the careful research, I recommend the organization should look into every success/failure factors corresponding with the ICT project before implementation, which will largely reduce the risk of carrying out a project and ending in nothing. At the same time, with careful elaboration on each success/failure factors, the organization will have better understanding of its status quo, its strengths and weakness, which can be a great headstone for the design and implementation of the ICT project. In addition to the prior-art research, the ongoing assessment is also important for an ICT project management. In that case, the organization should choose adequate evaluation model or framework with some customized changes in order to fit into the needs of the organization. By doing the regular inspection, the organization can notice the wrong behavior in time and make certain modifications accordingly. Without such safeguard monitor mechanism, it may be too late when the organization realizes the mistakes happening. References Becker, J., Knackstedt, R., Pà ¶ppelbuß, D. W. I. J. (2009). Developing maturity models for IT management. Business Information Systems Engineering, 1(3), 213-222. Cumps, B., Viaene, S., Dedene, G., Vandenbulcke, J. (2006, January). An empirical study on business/ICT alignment in European organisations. InSystem Sciences, 2006. HICSS06. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on (Vol. 8, pp. 195a-195a). IEEE. Donnellan, B., Sheridan, C., Curry, E. (2011). A capability maturity framework for sustainable information and communication technology. IT professional, 13(1), 33-40. Novotnà ½, O. (2009). ICT performance reference model in the context of corporate performance management systems. IDIMT-2009 System and Humans–A complex Relationship. Linz: Trauner Verlag Universitat, 13-16. Silvius, A. G. (2009, April). Business and IT Alignment: What We Know and What We Dont Know. In Information Management and Engineering, 2009. ICIME09. International Conference on (pp. 558-563). IEEE. Zhang, P., Aikman, S. (2007). Attitudes in ICT acceptance and use. In Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Design and Usability (pp. 1021-1030). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Maxine Hong Kingstons Woman Warrior - No Name Woman Essay -- Woman Wa

Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior - No Name Woman The excerpt, "No Name Woman", from Maxine Hong Kingston's book, Woman Warrior, gives insight into her life as a Chinese girl raised in America through a tragic story of her aunt's life, a young woman raised in a village in China in the early 1900s. The story shows the consequences beliefs, taught by parents, have on a child's life. Kingston attempts to figure out what role the teachings of her parents should have on her life, a similar attempt for many of us in the world. Lessons taught by our parents, the people who brought us into this world, help guide us into the people we become as adults. Hopefully, the guidance is positive. Kingston's story about her aunt sends a message as to how many families communicate the meaning of life. Through this story you will see how much we truly learn from our parents, some of it good and some of it bad. The story of Kingston's aunt, as told by her mother, started out by her mother saying. You must not tell anyone," my mother said, "what I am about to tell you. In China your father had a sister who killed herself. She jumped into the family well. We say that your father has all brothers because it is as if she had never been born." (Kingston, 319) In the first sentence of this quote, the mother is asking her daughter, Kingston, to remain quiet about a negative event, an occurrence deemed as shameful, in the family's life. Kingston's mother, playing a role model, taught her daught...

Plastic Bags

Millions of disposable plastic bags are used and discarded in Washington each year. A beached grey whale was found in West Seattle in 2010 with 20 plastic bags in its stomach. Small pieces of plastic can absorb toxic pollutants like DDT and PCB. Scientists have found that fish are ingesting these toxins when they ingest plastic, concentrating the chemicals in the food chain. There is a good chance that we also absorb these pollutants when we eat fish. The good news is, Washingtonians are taking action to protect the Sound. In 2009, Edmonds became the first city in the state to ban plastic bags.In 2011, six other cities joined the effort. Bellingham, Mukilteo, Seattle, Bainbridge Island, Port Townsend, and Issaquah all banned the bag, significantly cutting down on the amount of plastic flowing into Puget Sound. Today, dozens more communities are considering similar legislation, including Olympia. Local bans have an immediate impact and are a great start—but we can’t stop until bags are banned statewide. When plastic bags are part of mixed recyclables, they get caught in machinery, shutting down recycling operations.Responding to an Environment Washington Research & Policy Center survey, 70 percent of Washington recycling companies want plastic bags out of the waste stream. Curbside recycling in some of Washington’s cities allows the inclusion of plastic bags in mixed recyclables but this actually causes problems in the recycling facilities. †¢ Over half of Washington’s recycling facilities do not even accept plastic bags. For those facilities, 83% reported that their recycling stream was contaminated with plastic bags and it was causing problems. When plastic bags pollute mixed recyclables, they get tangled in recyclers’ machinery, causing plants to shut down. †¢ Some recycling plants in Washington estimate spending 20 to 30 percent of their labor costs removing plastic bags from their Puget Sound is an irreplaceable treasure. It is central to Washington’s culture and our livelihood. Harbor seals play within our bays and thousands of salmon make their way through the Sound every year to spawn. Three endangered pods of resident orcas visit the Sound on a regular basis. Seabirds congregate on our beaches and in our arbors, belting out their familiar cries. And beneath the waves, the seafloor The problem is not limited to Puget Sound. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, every square mile of ocean contains 46,000 pieces of floating plastic, on average. 4 About one thousand miles off the Washington coast, more than 100 million tons of plastic garbage has concentrated in an area known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. 5 Churned by ocean currents, this toxic, plastic soup spans an area twice the size of Texas. 6 Within this area, plastic outweighs plankton by up to six times during certain imes of the day. 7 machinery – on the order of $1,000 per day. †¢ More tha n 70 percent of Washington recyclers want disposable plastic bags out of the waste system. China accepts more than half of all reclaimed plastic bags for recycling, and that number is rising. †¢ Plastic bag recycling plants in China expose workers to toxic fumes, create a haze that hangs over villages, and pollute groundwater sources. Consumers bring their own bags in many parts of the world. Washington can follow this example and ban bags. †¢ Nothing we use for a few minutes should end up contaminating our oceans for hundreds of years. Because recycling efforts have proven inadequate, Washington’s civic leaders should ban single-use plastic bags. Researchers at the University of Washington-Tacoma have found plastic pollution in every water sample they have taken from Puget Sound. At least 20 nations and 88 local governments have passed bans on distributing thin plastic or other types of disposable plastic bags, Approximately 26 nations and local communities have es tablished fee programs to reduce plastic bag use and/or increase the use of reusable alternatives, After Washington, D. C. , mplemented a much smaller 5-cent tax on plastic bags, the number of plastic bags distributed by food retailers fell from 22. 5 million per month to 3. 3 million per month. Edmonds was the first city in Washington to ban plastic bags, adopting a ban in 2009. †¢ More recently, Bellingham adopted a ban on thin-plastic carry-home bags and a 5 cents fee on paper bags in July 2011. †¢ Other cities, including Seattle, Lake Forest Park, and Mukilteo, are actively considering bag bans. To make a real impact, all Washington cities and counties should restrict the use of plastic bags, and dvocate for similar action at the state level Work Citation Krehbiel, Robb. â€Å"Report: Keep Plastic Out of Puget Sound. † A Solution Not in the Bag. Environment Washington Research & Policy Center, Jan. 2012. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Krehbiel, Robb. â€Å"Report: Keep Pla stic Out of Puget Sound. † Keeping Plastic out of Puget Sound. Environment Washington Research & Policy Center, Nov. 2011. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. Krehbiel, Bobb. â€Å"News Release. † New Report: Recycling Cannot Solve Plastic Bag Problem. Environment Washington Research & Policy Center, 14 Feb. 2011. Web. 25 Feb. 2013.

Pablo and Braque: Art after World War I Essay

World War I left a tremendously lasting impact all over the world. The economic, social and governmental devastation were immeasurable.   The war begins in 1914 and lasted four years.   Eight million people lost their lives many being civilians in what has been called the Great War.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Europe was left totally destroyed economically and socially. Europe fell due to how much the war cost and increased inflation forcing them to print more money (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm).  Ã‚   The bleak future caused many to slip into a depressive state because of the ugliness of the war.   Europe was forcibly ushered into the industrial age.   Those who enjoyed financial comfort before the war were now facing poverty (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     It is hard to imagine then the destructive nature a war could have on the artistic community of that time. Many artist including Braque joined the war leaving behind their talents to pursue battle on the military front.   Fighting side by side with their countrymen some lost their lives or sustained major wounds. Other artist witness the effect the Great War had in their home county. However, all were left with a lasting impact that was conveyed through their art work.  Ã‚   Boccioni, Macke, and Marc among others lost their lives fighting or a result of the war.   Artists like Picasso and Gris were not asked to enlist to fight because they were in neutral countries. However, many of the artists enlisted because of loyalty to their country or to be part of the drama of the war.   Up until this period artists did not have to become part of the war (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the war, many artists relived the memories of the war through their sketches and drawings.   Others were so depressed by what they saw took their artwork in an opposite direction. Paintings were mainly of city life.   There was a hesitation to show the cruelty of the war.   Many photographers would only print pictures that show bodies of the enemy, but later photographs of   bodies of Germany and French soldiers were shown lying next to each other.   (http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Treaty of Versailles was only a symbolic end to the war.   The after effects of the war were still sending shock waves long after the signing of the treaty. Governments became more liberal and Germany angered over the humiliation forcibly lead to the Second World War (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm).  Ã‚   The war had a tremendous impact on the artistic community during and after. Two notable artists of that time Braque and Picasso each reacted to the war through their artistic en devours.   For one their faceted style was maintained after the war while the other was left temporarily unable to paint transcended into more still life and back brilliant colors perhaps to phase out the bleakness of the war.   Braque’s and Picasso’s style differed after thee war due to the destruction left by the war, Braque’s injury sustained during the war, and notoriety of Picasso during and after the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World War I lasted from August 1914 to November 1919.   It involved most of Europe and the United States. It was fought from every conceivable position-air, above ground, underground, on water, and under water. This was the first total war where countries used their total population and resources to fight.   France lost a whole generation by taking the lives of millions of Frenchmen (Encarta 2005, World War I).   The massive body count could not be conceived until the war had ended. The world had not had a war that impacted the entire world until this one. It was only referred to as World War I when World War II begins until then it was called the Great War.   It begins with the assassination of Archduke of Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the demised of three empires: Germany, Russia, and Austro-Hungary.   The war sped up the revolution of Europe ushering the technological and scientific age. The war gave rise to the Soviet Union and the Nazi regime because of the humiliation felt by Germany. The face of central Europe was changed for the next twenty years.   Painters of every conceivable kind were on the front lines fighting side by side their comrades. Several died during the war such as Boccioni, Macke, Marc and La Fresnaye.   Neutral countries such a Spain the home to Picasso and Gris were not asked to fight.   Artist s from every genre was asked to fight.   Legar was a stretch-bearer, Kokoschka a cavalryman, and Beckmann a medic. They all wrote and painted about what they saw and did.  Ã‚  Ã‚   These artists left a heart wrenching account of the devastation of the war.   Their artwork is a testimony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Little research has been done or their artwork has been forgotten. This probably due to the painful memories associated with the war. Others who made it through chose not depict the drama of war and their style became totally different than before.   (http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva /projects/great_war/effects.htm).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One such artist was George Braque who style after the war was different in color and subject matter. He was one of their own from France who fought in the war.   He was born in Argenteuil-sur-Seine which was later the home of the impressionist movement.   His father and grandfather were both house painters and young George followed in his father and grandfather footsteps. At age 15 Braque’s family moved to Le Haurve and George started taking courses at a local art school.   He started his career as an interior decorator.   Braque moved to Paris at age 17 to fully submerse himself in his passion for space and color.   He enlisted into the military and in 1902 with the financial backing of his family he attended a private art school the vole des Beaux-Arts.   He was inspired by African and Greek sculptures and often the visit the Lourve for ideas (http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   George Braque painting was influence greatly by the Fauves-Matisse and Derain.   Their wild eclectic style was called Fauvism.   Fauvism emphasized wild vivid colors like that of Van Gogh (Encarta 2005 Fauvism).   Like some of the artist of the time Braque wanted to challenge the traditional themes in artwork. He wanted his paintings to evoke an emotion, a discussion, and a mood. He accomplished such a task with works like Antwerp and Landscape at La Ciotat of 1906. These paintings showed the vivid colors of Fauvism, but little line .   After a year of Fauvism, Braque became impressed by the styles of Paul Cezanne call the father of â€Å"modern art† (Cezanne, Encarta 2005). Cezanne artwork was the opposite of Fauvism. It restored order to the style of the â€Å"wild beasts† of Matisse and Derain.   This when the cubist style was formed.   Braque admired the way Cezanne’s â€Å"distorted forms† led Braque to immolate that style (http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html). Cubism defies convention just like Fauvism, but unlike his early work everything-landscapes, houses, people-are reduced to geometric cubes.   The colors were bland and the subjects were unemotional. Such as one of his earlier cubist work Little Harbor in Normandy of 1909.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cubism can be broken into two genres: Analytical Cubism and Synthetic Cubism.   It was then in 1909 when Braque formed a friendship with Pablo Picasso that together they revolutionized the Cubist movement. Analytical cubism lasted for roughly two years. From 1911 on synthetic cubism became known.   In both genres geometric shapes were used, but now the subject was less fragmented and more recognizable (http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name/).   Cubism originated from a rivalry between Picasso and Matisse.   Matisse Blue Painting caused a scandal at the exhibit the Paris art show. This how Matisse and others received the title Les Fauves.   At around the same time Picasso produced Desmoiselles and young artists that once followed Matisse now begin emulating the style of Picasso including Braque. This infuriated Matisse and others to the point of rejecting all of Braque’s work.   Matisse tried to discredit Braque’s work by showing how it was made out of little cubes and that this artistic style was easy to replicate.   The term cubism was born and catapulted Braque and Picasso.   It marked the beginning of abstract art, even though the art form should dimensions of the subject being painted. Nonetheless, cubism owes it creation to notable artists (http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name/).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning Picasso’s and Braque’s work dealt with neutral colors and subdued subjects. Objects were shown from a 3-dimensional perspective (http://painting.about.com/). An early example of his work is the Violin and the Candlestick represented analytical cubism.   The subdued colors along with the geometric shapes are seen. However, one can not called this artwork fully abstract as the subjects of the painting are still visible and the three dimensional sides are visible (http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http). Braque and Picasso worked so closely together that at times their work was indistinguishable (http://www.safran-arts.com/42day/art/art4aug/art0831.html#cmc).  Ã‚   Both he and Picasso began experimenting with collage and would add bits of objects such as paper to their artwork (http//www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pablo Ruiz y Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain.   He can be called a genius in the art world and undoubtedly a brilliant painter. His father was an art professor so he was destine from birth to become one of the most immovable faces of art (http://www.biography.com/picasso).   He moved to Paris where many friendships formed with other artists including George Braque.   His work is labeled by different periods.   The Blue period showed his use of the color and a representative of the mood of the time.   His Rose period featured a more primitive style of art.   However, it was the art form of Cubism that made Picasso famous.   He shocks his fans and critics with Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907).   In this work he used African themes with unemotional subjects painted with varying shades of color (http//www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bond formed between Braque and Picasso was broken by the First World War.   Braque like many artists enlisted into the French Army to show loyalty for his country.   Braque served in the Great War for two years: 1914 to 1916.   Braque entered the army as a sergeant. He was decorated twice for bravery.   During the war he sustained a significant head wound in 1916 which left him temporarily blind. He spent several months recovering in a hospital. After, he was sent to a nursing home where he spent his time expressing quotes about life and art that start long before the war.   A friend put together a book with all of Braque’s â€Å"aphorisms†.  Ã‚   Braque did not begin painting again until 1917.   He rejoined the Cubist movement after the military which was now in the synthetic phase (http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/5/ame43.shtml).   Perhaps due to the cruelty of the war or the sever head wound he sustained while fighting, his artistic style quickly changed.   Braque left the theme of traditional cubism and returned more to his original roots. He started using more â€Å"softer† drawings, brilliant color and more of an personal influence as in his work   the 1919 Playing Cards (www.megaessays.com/ viewpaper/21985.html)..   His paintings became more textured after moving to the coast of Normandy.   He did not reflect the war in his work, perhaps not wanting to relieve the pain of the war.   Braque along with painting also became an engraver, lithographer, and a sculptor. He along with Loewenfield turned his paintings into different images such as jewelry and books.   Both had a love for precious stones which solidified their friendship. The idea of taking 2-dimensional objects and turning them into 3-dimensional objects allowed them to create over 100 different jewels.   The Apollon Gallery featured their work in 1963 later that year Braque passed away at the age of 81 (www.genesisgallery.com/html/bios/373.html).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the Great War, Picasso went to Rome where he met and married a Russian dancer named Olga Koklova.   In Rome he worked with designer Sergey Diaghilev.   He made several portraits of their son (Paulo as Harlequin, 1924) and of their friends.   His work reflected neoclassical style showing voluptuous women (Women at the Spring, 1921) and mythological beings (The Pipes of the Pan, 1923).   Picasso also picture strange creatures and crudely painted women (Sleeping Woman in Armchair, 1927) which may have indicate trouble in his first marriage (http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/picasso_bio.htm). After the war, went further in his exploration of his style.   He emphasized color and dream-like images.   Although it appears that Picasso’s artwork wasn’t greatly affected by the war like Braque.   Picasso being a spanish citizen living in Paris was able to continue his work. However, he wasn’t without grief. The country was feeling the ill effects of the war and Picasso had to deal with the scrutiny of his friends not having to enlist.   His paintings reflected the depressive mood of that time. Picasso had to also deal with the passing of his lady friend Eva Gouel (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the war he tried to stay close to cubism, but was also developing a unique style of his own.   He returned to more traditional styles maybe in attempt to be recogzed for his own work and not be associated any longer with the cubist movement and his close friend Braque. It is not noted if their friendship continued after the war. Picasso struck up a friendship with a young poet and became involved with the Russian ballet (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The War left major devastation in it is path. No one was left unaffected by the fighting especially the artistic community. Braque and Picasso were the 20 century most notable artists. Their style impacted not only the artistic community but all who enjoy art.   However, the war seems to have left a permanent impact on George Braque as seen in his latter artwork. His style softened a contrast to the harshness of war. He focused on still life perhaps to view the world as calmer and beautiful. Picasso artwork changed very little. The notoriety he obtained probably shielded him from the devastation of the war. Perhaps, not being on the front lines allowed him to miss out on the cruelty that came from the war.   Whatever the reason, both before, during and after the war, became two great artists emerging and remaining among the brilliance of the 20th century.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/great_war/effects.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.art-ww1.com/gb/present.html.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     World War I, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://www.mes.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Braque.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fauvism, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://pablo-picasso.paintings.name   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://painting.about.com/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/5/ame43.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     www.megaessays.com/ viewpaper/21985.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.genesisgallery.com/html/bios/373.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/picasso_bio.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cezanne, 2005 Encarta Encyclopedia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/ picasso/ section8.rhtml).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     http://www.biography.com/picasso

Usa and Middle East, Heirs to a Millenium of Missteps

Usa and Middle East, Heirs to a Millenium of Missteps The USA and the Middle East experience a relationship today that bears the stamp of a millennium and more of crucial decisions on both sides.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Usa and Middle East, Heirs to a Millenium of Missteps specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From nearly the first years of contact between people of European descent and the peoples of the Middle East, these decisions have reflected more misunderstanding and self-interest than statesmanship or vision. There are several moments over this span of time that stand out as opportunities: periods in history when relations could have been turned towards tolerance and even cooperation, but were not. Three examples of these are: the medieval push to take control of religiously important sites in what is today Israel, the betrayal of the region at the end of World War I, and more recently, the failure of Arab governments to adopt the best practices of m odern governance. While these are by no means exhaustive, they are exemplary. In the 11th century, the hardline, and an altered attitude of the Seljukian Turks towards Christian pilgrims prompted outrage and ill-organized crusades. However, a glance at a map of the area suggests the great potential advantage to the nations north of the Mediterranean of control over the sea lanes in the Mediterranean and eastward. Trade, at the least, would be easier if European powers controlled this region. This may have been the reason for the increasing emphasis on naval campaigns in the later Crusades (Bridges 10). In this instance, a more tolerant attitude by the Seljukian Muslims towards Christian pilgrims who had moved with relative freedom through the region for a long time would have made a great difference. After all, the Muslim faith had already successfully, albeit violently, taken over as much as two thirds of the European continent (Madden, Hillenbrand and Ryan). However, the behavior of the Europeans was regarded as boorish and ignorant by the Saracens, so there was probably fault on both sides (Madden, Hillenbrand and Ryan). This was a chance for mutual understanding that was thrown away. At the end of World War, after taking advantage of the Arab revolt to topple the Ottoman Empire, the Allies secretly agreed to partition the area. The Balfour agreement, also secret, promised the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine. These baldly self-interested betrayals and subterfuges were the reasons that prompted T.E. Lawrence to work for three years to make the Arab revolt as effective as possible (Lawrence).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This double-dealing gave the Middle Eastern countries a very good reason to resent the Allies (Lawrence). It also injected a massive and persistent disruptor into the area in the form of the Zionist hom eland (Zakaria, Why do They Hate Us?) . This dishonesty was probably not necessary and fairer dealings could have laid the groundwork for greater cooperation. Over the decades since then, the sponsorship by the USA of Israel has colored all US-Middle Eastern relations. More recently, the increasing interests of the European countries and the United States in regional oil have distorted matters further (Djerejian) (Atiemo). The Middle Eastern countries have not achieved the development of modern governments and what the West regards as desirable liberties and markets. To some degree, this retarding of governmental evolution was enhanced by the use of several countries as proxies for the former USSR (Djerejian) (Ahmadov). Many of the countries of the Middle East have, additionally, cut themselves off from many of the advantages of the Western world, often, according because of a distaste for the values associated with them (Ozdemir) (Christie, Zwarun and Clark) (Woods). It is possible that if the West had not been more honest and less self-interested, these nations might have turned towards Europe rather than to the USSR or to fundamentalism. Thus, the West and the Middle East may have had chances for rapprochement, which have been discarded. As far back as the Middle Ages, and in both the Twentieth and Twenty-first centuries, approaches have been taken that plunged increasing wedges of distrust and distaste between the two. These turning points should be our guide to avoiding such bad choices in the future. Ahmadov, Ramin. The U.S. Policy toward Middle East in the Post-Cold War Era. Alternatives: The Turkish Journal of International Relations Spring/Summer 2005. Web. alternativesjournal.net/volume4/number1/ramin.pdf. Atiemo, Nancy. What is the relationship between the United States’ energy policy and its foreign policy in the Middle EastT? n.d. Dundee University. Web. dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/car/html/CAR10_ARTICLE21.PDF.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Usa and Middle East, Heirs to a Millenium of Missteps specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bridges, Cyprian. Sea Powerand Other Studies. Echo Library, 2006 . Web. https://books.google.com/books?hl=enlr=id=UTuZeVOU23QCoi=fndpg=PA1dq=%22why+did+the+crusades%22ots=ASWFLQn7mZsig=PKfclXE1VzsZHnjVTgNLrSoxgWU#v=onepageq=%22%20crusades%22f=false. Christie, Thomas B., Lara Zwarun and Andrew M. Clark. Finding a Credible Message to Win Hearts and Minds of the Muslim World: Article 2. Global Media Journal Volume 5.Issue 8 (2006). Web. http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/PDF_archive/amer_edition/spring2006/2%20Christie%20Clark%20Zwarun.pdf. Djerejian, Edward P. The US and the Middle East in a Changing World, The. Department of State Dispatch 444 (1992). Washington: HeinOnline, 2 June 1992. Web. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journalshandle=hein.journals/dsptch5div=246id=page=. Lawrence, Thomas Edward. Introductory Chapter. Seven Pillars of Wisdom. 2012. Web. http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100111h.html. Madden, Thomas, Carole Hillenbrand and Antonia Ryan. The Crusades: Why the Crusades Stil Matter: An Interview with Carole Hildebrand and Thomas Madden. 24 February 2006. National Catholic Reporter. Web. natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2006a/022406/022406a.php. Ozdemir, Erhan. Globalization and Its Impact on the Middle East. 2008. US Navy Post-Graduate School. Web. http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecordmetadataPrefix=htmlidentifier=ADA493849. Woods, Joshua. The Common Enemy Rationale: An Attempt to Apply Concepts of Cognitive Consistency to the Portrayals of the United States in the Foreign Press. Fall 2005. Purdue.edu. Web. https://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/PDF_archive/amer_edition/fall2005/4%20Woods.pdf.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zakaria, Fareed. Why do They Hate Us? n.d. http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/12447013/417620819/name/whydotheyhateus.pdf.

Attitude Of Management Students Towards Entrepreneurship Business Essay

Attitude Of Management Students Towards Entrepreneurship Business Essay Entrepreneurship and small business creation are cornerstones of economic Development throughout the world. Entrepreneurial development today has assumed special importance, since it is a key to economic development. The impact of entrepreneurship education has been recognized as one of the crucial factors that help youths to understand and foster an attitude toward entrepreneurship. Management education provides a great potential for the establishment of new, small businesses. There is huge opportunity for developing management graduates as entrepreneurs. However, this potential is not exploited to its full extent. The purpose of the research is to examine management student’s attitudes towards entrepreneurship, as well as their views of entrepreneurship as career option and interest in entrepreneurial training. This study was conducted in selected districts of North Karnataka. A total of 200 questionnaires were sent to Management students and 152 students ware responded. Th e research shows that majority of the respondents are having positive attitude towards the entrepreneurship. (Keywords: Attitude, Economic development, Career option, Management students,Entrepreneurship.) â€Å"ATTITUDE OF MANAGEMENT STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A STUDY OF SELECTED DISTRICTS OF NORTH KARNATAKA† INTRODUCTION: Entrepreneurship has become an everyday buzzword. Policymakers, economists, academicians and even university students are talking about it. Today, entrepreneurship is regarded as one of the best economic development strategies to develop country’s economic growth and sustain the country’s competitiveness in facing the increasing trends of globalisation (Ooi Yeng Keat et. al). Entrepreneurship and small business creation are cornerstones of economic Development throughout the world. Entrepreneurial development today has assumed special importance, since it is a key to economic development. The objectives of industrial development, regi onal development, regional growth and employment generation depend upon entrepreneurial development. Entrepreneurs are, thus the seeds of industrial development and the fruits of industrial development are greater employment opportunities to unemployed youth, increase in per capita income, higher standard of living and increased individual savings, revenue to the government in the form of taxation and balanced regional development (Poornima Charntimath 2007). The impact of entrepreneurship education has been recognized as one of the crucial factors that help youths to understand and foster an Attitude toward entrepreneurship (Gorman, Fanlon Là ¼thje and Franke 2002; Norfadilah 2003; Nor Aishah et al. 2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (2007) reports a constant growth of entrepreneurial activities in India. There are growing numbers of studies carried out to determine the influence of regional development and economic development, culture etc., on entrepreneurship.

Cell Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cell Biology - Essay Example downregulate the expression of the histidine biosynthetic enzymes in the presence of ample histidine, since the cell does not need to synthesis histidine under those conditions. If HisP functions as a gene activator, I would expect it to bind more tightly to the regulatory sequences under conditions with low levels of histidine. As a gene activator, HisP would function to increase the expression of genes necessary for the biosynthesis of histidine. This would be more necessary and beneficial to the cell under conditions of low histidine. 2. In class we talked about how bacterial cells can take up the amino acid tryptophan from their surroundings, or if the external supply is insufficient, they can synthesize trytophan by using enzymes in the cell. In some bacteria, the control of glutamine synthesis is similar to that of tryptophan synthesis, such that the glutamine repressor is used to inhibit the transcription of the glutamine operon, which contains the genes that code for the enzymes required for glutamine synthesis. Upon binding to cellular glutamine, the glutamine repressor binds to the site of the promoter of the operon. By repressing the expression of the glutamine operon in the abundance of glutamine, as when the repressor molecule is bound to glutamine, the cell can conserve energy by not synthesizing a molecule that is already in abundance in its environment. When the supply of glutamine drops, the number of repressor molecules bound to glutamine, and hence repressing the expression of the glutamine operon, drops as well. This allows the cell to express the glutamine operon in order to raise levels of glutamine through its own biosynthetic pathway. The regulatory mechanism would fail because no allosteric (or other) changes induced by glutamine binding to the repressor molecule would allow it to bind to the glutamine operon promoter and cease synthesis of it. As a result, assuming no other regulatory mechanisms prevented it, the cell would

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts Research Paper

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts - Research Paper Example In this report we will look into the effective ways to control the addiction the ways to prevent it in future. Today in United States, there are around seven to eight million people who are suffering with the problem of drug or alcohol addictions. The problem is constantly increasing day by day. Several forms of measure are taken to stop them from this addiction. One measure which is popular and considered ethical is the idea of home confinement of the addict. The offenders are allowed to stay with their family under their supervision and control. They are popularly called as ‘incarcerated addicts’. Our topic of discussion is the effective modes of treatment for the incarcerated addicts. The level of supervision accomplished by offenders living in the group relies on upon the supervision obliged or commanded, and the accessibility and utilization of projects in their general vicinity. Some live in shelter and others weigh in day by day at a day reporting focus. Some send in report structures once a month and hear nothing from their overseeing officers if there has been no change of location or vocation. Others are gone to at their spot of work and arbitrarily give pee inspects that are tried to guarantee the offender is remaining drug and alcohol free. An assortment of group amendments programs has been created, on account of innovative developments that give an additional measurement of overseeing and responsibility for offenders living in the group. This paper takes a look at two of these projects: home confinement and drug medication. It tries to answer those inquiries most often raised about the projects, the advances that help them, and the issues that encompass them, so policymakers can gage how best to utilize home confinement and medicine to build open wellbeing and diminish the danger of re-culpable. In this talk the expression "offender" is utilized to portray somebody who may be some time or another in the criminal equity framework: from those accused of an offense and anticipating trial to the individuals who have as of recently been sentenced, and are serving all or some piece of their sentences in the group. Both home confinement and drug and alcohol medication may be a state of pretrial discharge, of probation or a piece of a master gram that permits early discharge from penitentiary.

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International trade - Essay Example China and the south East Asian countries such as Singapore have been in focus for their export based economies (Rivera-Batiz & Oliva, 2003). External trade is usually heavily controlled by countries by applying duty against imports and subsidizing exports. Free trade means the government does not discriminate against national and foreign producers of goods. The price of goods is determined through the equilibrium of supply and demand. A country which allows free trade does not impose high import duties and neither does it subsidize its exports through schemes and promotions. Body 2)Advantages of International Trade The major advantages of international trade are – It enhances the competitiveness of local industries as they come into contact with international best practices and technological knowhow. It helps the country to overcome the shortage in natural resources. One example is the import of crude oil by many countries to overcome the natural deficiency. International trad e allows consumers to buy products at low cost. An example of this has been the proliferation of manufacturing industries to China. Manufacturing goods produced in China are low cost and thus leads to benefits to the end users. International trade can be a vehicle for poverty reduction. China has increased its GDP rapidly in the last 20 years by becoming an export hub for international companies. This has reduced poverty and created employment for a billion Chinese (Rivera-Batiz & Oliva, 2003). Disadvantages of International Trade Some of the main disadvantages are – International trade can lead to destruction of local industries if they are not able to compete with the cheap products imported from abroad. International trade can lead to jobless growth of the economy. This can cause social unrest among the population. India is a country whose exports largely consist of services such as Information technology. However IT is a capital intensive sector which creates very few job s leading to large scale unemployment in the country. International trade can also lead to depletion of natural resources such as coal, iron-ore etc. if they are exported to other countries (Rivera-Batiz & Oliva, 2003). International trade has also caused various environmental and human rights concern. It is alleged that the factories in China and Mexico do not follow the strict environmental guidelines followed in developed world. They are also accused of employing child labour to reduce the cost of products (Rivera-Batiz & Oliva, 2003). 3)Major Trading Partners of UAE The major trading partners of UAE are Japan, China, European Union and India. Japan is UAE’s biggest export partner (17.27% share) and China is the biggest import partner (15.03% share) (Oxford Business Group, 2010). 4)Most Important Exports OF UAE The most important exports from UAE are crude oil, natural gas, fish, dates and products which are re-exported after processing (Zaman, 2011). 5)Trade Policy of UAE UAE signed the General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) in 1994 and became a WTO member in

Active Suspension Types Of Active Suspension

Active Suspension Types Of Active Suspension There are two main groups of active suspensions, the ones altering the suspension settings and the ones regarding the anti-roll systems. The altering suspension setting types are the self-levelling and the height adjustable suspensions. These types of suspension systems aim to maintain the vehicle as flat as possible. The self levelling suspension aims to counteract the difference in axle load between the front and the rear of the car due to loading of the vehicle, breaking or accelerating forces. The height adjustment suspensions cope with the problems of ground clearance and to some extent the stiffness of the suspension. Inside the anti-roll systems there is another classification between active and semi-active anti-roll suspension. Active anti-roll suspensions exert a force in the opposite direction of the rolling force to counteract the effect of the body roll, whereas the semi-active suspension opposes the body roll, usually by increasing the stiffness of the dampers. Regarding the method used to achieve the anti-roll effect the suspensions can be also classified as hydraulic (active), electromagnetic (active), solenoid valve (semi-active) and magneto rheological (semi-active) Michelin as a tyre manufacturer has developed its own suspension system. The system was exposed to the public for the first time in the Paris motorshow of 2008 and it is and a wheel onboard traction and suspension system as shown in the picture below. Figure Michelin Active Wheel Picture, Press Kit 2008 Paris Motor Show This suspension system is a combined traction and suspension electrical system. The Active wheel can incorporate only the suspension components or include an electric motor, and as Michelin claims it could be used in a four wheel drive or a two wheel drive layout depending on power demands. The main advantages of this system is that all the components necessary for the control of the suspension are assembled in the wheel, hence it would not interfere with package constrains or the geometry, and because of that, more cabin space can be fully utilized. Another of the advantages is that is a fully electrical system, so it can be utilized in hybrid cars as the drive of the wheels is done trough an electric motor installed on the wheels. This means that the use of this system could reduce the carbon emissions or fully eliminate them in an electric vehicle. On the other hand, the system is fairly new and needs to be proven in real life situations. Other problems are that the drive must be necessarily done through electric motors, hence not really suitable for the use of a conventional engine alone, and although the costs of the system have not been published, it can be assumed that it would be fairly higher than a conventional active suspension based on the cost of research, development and price of the components alone. Bose Boseà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s approach to a active suspension is another peculiar one, as it is a cross between an in-wheel device and a conventional suspension. The way the mechanism works is by replacing the conventional shock absorbers and spring dampers by a single linear electromagnetic motor at each wheel. These electromagnetic motors are computer controlled to provide a soft suspension, but at the same time are set to self level the vehicle. Also because the electromagnetic motors are computer controlled suspension can be set to counteract the body roll and pitch angle of the vehicle during cornering, braking or acceleration. Overall the system is not intrusive regarding the package constrains of the vehicle as it would be installed using the mounting points of a conventional coil-over spring damper. And in terms of weight, it would be similar to a conventional suspension. Another advantage is that the system would not require the extra weight added by using actuators and torque arms. The main disadvantages are that the system is not a straight replacement as it needs the software to be set up for each vehicle in question, and the potential needs for a bigger battery to cope with the electromagnetic motors demand, and the power usage of recharging the battery. MagneRide MagneRide is the commercial name of the Magneto Rheological suspension developed by Delphi, and lately sold to BWI (Beijing West Industries) group. The Magneto Rheological suspension is primarily a semi-active suspension that by altering the suspension properties of the fluid inside the dampers through electromagnets, changes the stiffness of the suspension. This system although being a semi-active suspension is able to perform almost as well as an active suspension. Unlike a semi-active suspension the control of the suspension stiffness can be changed none linearly to the input response, hence instead for example instead of opposing the body roll, it can be counteracted by further increase of the suspension stiffness. Some of the disadvantages are the added weight and cost of the components compared to a conventional suspension, and that it cannot perform under certain conditions as well as a fully active suspension. Originally this suspension was developed for General Motors, and used in the top end vehicles of the company such as Holden, Buick, Cadillac and Corvette models. Since the introduction of this suspension other companies have used this suspension in some of their performance range such as Audi, Ferrari and Acura. The off-road applications of the MageRide have seen use of this system on the Cadillac SRX and Acura MDX. This suspension system is currently being retrofitted to lightweight tanks and high mobility vehicles as well as in prototypes by the United States Army. Active Stabilizer Suspension System The Active Stabilizer Suspension System is a joint venture between Toyota and Aisin Seiki Co. to develop an innovative suspension for Lexus (Toyotaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s luxury range of vehicles). The system is a fully electrically controlled active suspension system. The way it works is similar to the one currently used by Jaguar-Land Rover, but instead of using a hydraulic system, is using brushless motors geared and connected to the stabilizer bars. Toyota claims that this system is twenty times more energy efficient than a standard servo actuated hydraulic active suspension and its reaction time is also quicker, being considered to be within 20 milliseconds (Suzuki et all, 2006). On the other hand the main disadvantages are the cost and development of the components. This system is being currently offered as an optional extra throughout most of the Lexus range, and also offered in the crossover SUV Lexus RX 450h Hydractive The Hydractive system is a Citroen developed hydro-pneumatic suspension, in which the conventional coil springs and shock absorbers have been replaced by hydro-pneumatic shock absorbers. This system has suffered several revisions, being the current one Hydractive 3 being introduced in 2001. Early versions of the hydro-pneumatic suspension featured a self-levelling and ride height adjustment. The later versions of the Hydractive also feature options such as automatically lowering the ride height above certain speed to reduce fuel consumption or electronically controls that avoid the suspension dropping after the engine is switched off. Also another package, such as the Hydractive Activa suspension, combined the previous advantages with an active suspension eliminating body roll whilst cornering. This suspension system is currently used by the PSA Peugeot Citroen group and at some point this suspension technology has been used by other manufactures and military vehicles. The main advantages of this system are that independently of the load and load distribution, the car will always remain levelled. The system has at the same time a smooth and firm ride. This is due to the dual characteristic of the suspension. Firstly the pneumatic suspension provides a smooth ride because is not as stiff as a conventional spring, but at the same time the hydraulic suspension is less compressible than a conventional spring, providing a solid support when hard breaking or cornering happens. Overall the suspension is more progressive than a conventional coil-over system, being softer under bumps and harder under cornering. On the other hand this suspension has several drawbacks such as being a more complicated and expensive system, which requires specialized maintenance. Another concerning problem is that a system failure will result on ride height loss and a performance drop in the brake and power steering systems. Air suspension Air suspension works in a similar way as the hydro-pneumatic. In the air suspension the conventional coil-over spring dampers are replaced by air bags that are inflated through a compressor to stiffen the suspension when needed. Air suspensions offer similar advantages to the hydro-pneumatic such as self-levelling or an improved ride quality. On the other hand the ride quality is not much greater than conventional coil-over suspensions, and the system suffers from a range of problems such as air bag, air line, compressor or dryer failures. Most of the top end manufacturers and tuning aftermarket companies have developed their own air suspension systems such as Ford (Ford and Lincoln), Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz (Mercedes-Benz and Maybach), Rolls-Royce, SsangYong, Subaru, Toyota (Lexus) and Volkswagen (Volkswagen and Audi) to name a few. PASM The PASM is the trade name for Porsche Active Suspension Management. The PASM is an active air suspension, which is an air suspension as mentioned above that features self levelling and ride height adjustment as well as roll and pitch control. This suspension is offered either as a standard or optional across the 911 and Cayenne ranges. EDC EDC (Electronic Damper Control) is the commercial name that BMW uses for its active suspension system. The ECD uses electronically controlled dampers to adjust the response of each of the wheels trough three different damper curve settings; soft, medium and hard. It is worth noting that there are other features that affect the suspension, but are not connected to the ECD such as the Cornering Brake Control or the Automatic Stability Control. ABC ABC (Active Body Control) is the trade name of Mercedes-Benz own active suspension. The system features roll, pitch and roll control achieved through servo actuated hydraulics. In this respect the system is similar to the current used in the Range Rover, but this system instead of using actuators, uses a modified suspension strut. The ABC suspension strut replaces the conventional dampers with electronically controlled plunger cylinder dampers whilst retaining the coil-over. The mechanism woks in a similar manner, the sensors and accelerometers evaluate the situation and the oil pump send the pressure required to operate the suspension, but instead of using a single valve block and two actuators, the ABC system uses a front and rear servo-valves that in turn sent the oil to each of the four plunger cylinder dampers. http://www.bose.com/learning/project_sound/bose_suspension.jsp http://www.bwigroup.com/static/suspension_magneride/ http://www.autoweb.com.au/cms/newsarticle.html?start=120showall=id=MERdoc=mer9905111 http://www.worldcarfans.com/10609056297/mercedes-cl-class-technology-active-body-control http://www.elecpubs.sae.org/NXT/gateway.dll?f=templatesfn=default.htm Society of Automotive Engineers (2006) à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“Development of Electric Active Stabilizer Suspension Systemà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. Paper no. 2006-01-1537. 2006 SAE World Congress Exhibition 3-6 April 2006, Detroit. Suzuki, S., Buma,S., Urababa, S., Nishihara, A., and Taneda, A Society of Automotive Engineers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Stabilizer_Suspension_System http://web.actwin.com/toaph/citroen/work/work.html http://www.porsche.com/kbase.aspx?pool=usatype=kbaseid=c2-detail-chassis-pasmlang=none http://www.porsche.com/kbase.aspx?pool=usatype=kbaseid=cayennecfl-detail-chassispasmlang=none http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/technology/technology_guide/articles/electronic_damper_control.html http://www.meeknet.co.uk/E38/EDC_III_Plus.pdf http://www.worldcarfans.com/10609056297/mercedes-cl-class-technology-active-body-control

Briar Rose :: essays research papers

Jane Yolsen produces a powerful and moving novel that deftly blends the legend of Sleeping Beauty with the historical tragedy of the Holocaust. To Rebecca, Sylvia and Shana, "Briar Rose" was simply a bed time story but in all reality the story they grew up with was an actual event in Gemma's life. Although Gemma always identified strongly with Briar Rose, the sleeping princess, no one had thought it anything but a bedtime story. But when a mysterious box of clippings and photos turns up after Gemma's death, hinting that the accepted version of Gemma's origins is untrue, Becca begins tracing the real story, which bears striking resemblance's to Gemma's fairy tale. Becca then sets off on a journey to Europe to discover her grandmother's true identity. I felt this book was more for adults than for young adults. It was complicated and probably difficult for a young teen to follow. It had language that may not suitable for a young adult. Such as a line like, "Stan expertly braked and simultaneously turned the wheel slightly to the right. "Asshole!" he muttered." (Jane Yolen, 67). It was a remarkable book. I usually don't enjoy reading what I "have" to, but I truly adored this book. When I first started the book I wasn't very enthused but once I read the first four chapters (for the second time) I started falling into the novel. I became so emotionally involved with the characters and the story that I had to finish it. It made me recall everything I had learned in history class about the Holocaust. At that time it did not seem to "click". Now that I read this story and all of its frightful horrors it all comes rushing back. Now that I think about it, this is actually a great book for young adults to read. It teaches them a little about the holocaust and the terrible tragedies that had occurred. It even teaches them a bit about homosexuality. Though the gays were not treated very well in Yolen's novel. I loved the detail that Yolen put into "Briar Rose". It felt like I was actually there, staring down at the mountain of bodies below. Smelling the putrid smell of week old rotting corpses. Sleeping in a trench covered with branches and leaves, with nine to thirteen other escapees, aching for a shower and food in my stomach.

“Economic Growth Without Distributive Justice Can Only Lead to Violence”.

â€Å"Economic Growth without distributive justice can only lead to violence†. A steady economic growth is a sign of a growing economy. Good economic growth often leads to the prosperity of the people of the country. But this is not always true for the entire population. Even when only 5% of the population is booming economically the economic growth would show a steady rise which though good for a country on the international front ,is a not so good for a country on the domestic front. Economic growth without distributive justice can only lead to violence. The economy wherein the rich get richer and the poor get poorer everyday is devoid of peace and prosperity. In India,it has happened in the past and happens even today ,when the employees see their employers make huge money while they are struggling to even make both ends meet,they hold protests,go on strikes demanding fee hike. It creates a void in the society, a gap that is hard to fill, a swamp that sucks the entire nation in. It is not very easy to see people become rich when you don't even get food twice a day. This leads to thefts,murders,and violence in the society. And with so many wrongdoings happening around you,the trust vanishes. The sense of living in a large family named society eludes us. Thus ,in my opinion the government of every country must put the best foot forward to ensure that the income is distributed as evenly as possible in the society to maintain peace and harmony in the society,so that the people can stay together and rejoice each other's growth and achievements.